And, where such liberties are in use, men should employ them in doing good, and should estimate them as the Church does; for liberty is to be regarded as legitimate in so far only as it affords greater facility for doing good, but no farther. Wherefore, this liberty, also, in order that it may deserve the name, must be kept within certain limits, lest the office of teaching be turned with impunity into an instrument of corruption. Wherefore, civil society must acknowledge God as its Founder and Parent, and must obey and reverence His power and authority. viii, lect. How mistaken these men also are, and how inconsistent, we have seen above. Furthermore, with ambitious designs on sovereignty, tumult and sedition will be common amongst the people; and when duty and conscience cease to appeal to them, there will be nothing to hold them back but force, which of itself alone is powerless to keep their covetousness in check. These are the liberties "which the followers of liberalism so eagerly advocate and proclaim." justice therefore forbids, and reason itself forbids, the State to be godless; or to adopt a line of action which would end in godlessness — namely, to treat the various religions (as they call them) alike, and to bestow upon them promiscuously equal rights and privileges. Nonetheless, she sometimes appears on coins from the imperial period, such as Galba's "Freedom of the People" coins during his short reign after the death of Nero. And if it be asked which of the many conflicting religions it is necessary to adopt, reason and the natural law unhesitatingly tell us to practice that one which God enjoins, and which men can easily recognize by certain exterior notes, whereby Divine Providence has willed that it should be distinguished, because, in a matter of such moment, the most terrible loss would be the consequence of error. And his judgment not only decides what is right or wrong of its own nature, but also what is practically good and therefore to be chosen, and what is practically evil and therefore to be avoided. Libertas praestantissimum donum „A szabadság legkiválóbb java” Az emberi szabadság természetéről: 1888. június 20. A.C. Libertas, a Sanmarinese football club; Libertas, the motto and an ancient symbol of the Republic of Ragusa (now Dubrovnik); Libertas (Norway), a libertarian organization in Norway But where the power to command is wanting, or where a law is enacted contrary to reason, or to the eternal law, or to some ordinance of God, obedience is unlawful, lest, while obeying man, we become disobedient to God. And now to reduce for clearness’ sake to its principal heads all that has been set forth with its immediate conclusions, the summing up in this briefly: that man, by a necessity of his nature, is wholly subject to the most faithful and ever enduring power of God; and that, as a consequence, any liberty, except that which consists in submission to God and in subjection to His will, is unintelligible. 31. And the more so because laws of this kind have the same origin, the same author, as the eternal law, are absolutely in accordance with right reason, and perfect the natural law. And this all the more surely, because by far the greater part of the community is either absolutely unable, or able only with great difficulty, to escape from illusions and deceitful subtleties, especially such as flatter the passions. But man can judge of this contingency, as We say, only because he has a soul that is simple, spiritual, and intellectual — a soul, therefore, which is not produced by matter, and does not depend on matter for its existence; but which is created immediately by God, and, far surpassing the condition of things material, has a life and action of its own — so that, knowing the unchangeable and necessary reasons of what is true and good, it sees that no particular kind of good is necessary to us. library, Kindle, Nook, EPUB In the government of States it is not forbidden to imitate the Ruler of the world; and, as the authority of man is powerless to prevent every evil, it has (as St. Augustine says) to overlook and leave unpunished many things which are punished, and rightly, by Divine Providence. Liberty, the highest of natural endowments, being the portion only of intellectual or rational natures, confers on man this dignity — that he is “in the hand of his counsel”[1] and has power over his actions. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the Creative Commons CC0 License; all unstructured text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. "The figure of Liberty on some of the coins of Antoninus Pius, struck A.D. 145, holds this cap in the right hand".[4]. 15. Thomas Aquinas, On the Gospel of St. John, cap. "The lictor of the magistratus laid a rod (festuca) on the head of the slave, accompanied with certain formal words, in which he declared that he was a free man ex Jure Quiritium", that is, "vindicavit in libertatem". When, therefore, he acts according to reason, he acts of himself and according to his free will; and this is liberty. LEÓN XIII. In other words, the good wished by the will is necessarily good in so far as it is known by the intellect; and this the more, because in all voluntary acts choice is subsequent to a judgment upon the truth of the good presented, declaring to which good preference should be given. Thus, truth being gradually obscured by darkness, pernicious and manifold error, as too often happens, will easily prevail. 24. And for the same reason it is of no small advantage for the perfecting of human liberty, since our Savior Jesus Christ has said that by truth is man made free: “You shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free.”[9] Therefore, there is no reason why genuine liberty should grow indignant, or true science feel aggrieved, at having to bear the just and necessary restraint of laws by which, in the judgment of the Church and of reason itself, human teaching has to be controlled. From all this may be understood the nature and character of that liberty which the followers of liberalism so eagerly advocate and proclaim. In regard, however, to all matter of opinion which God leaves to man’s free discussion, full liberty of thought and of speech is naturally within the right of everyone; for such liberty never leads men to suppress the truth, but often to discover it and make it known. II.3.48), whence the general name of the act of manumission. Many wish the State to be separated from the Church wholly and entirely, so that with regard to every right of human society, in institutions, customs, and laws, the offices of State, and the education of youth, they would pay no more regard to the Church than if she did not exist; and, at most, would allow the citizens individually to attend to their religion in private if so minded. Haec encyclica libertate relisiosa et politica dicata est. Etsi cunctas: Az Egyházról Írországban: 1888. december 21. Leg. 44. The fruit, instead of being sweet and wholesome, has proved cankered and bitter. Unless it be otherwise determined, by reason of some exceptional condition of things, it is expedient to take part in the administration of public affairs. But here they think they may stop, holding that man as a free being is bound by no law of God except such as He makes known to us through our natural reason. 20. Thus, the powerful influence of the Church has ever been manifested in the custody and protection of the civil and political liberty of the people. 10. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Libertas praestantissimum donum est encyclica epistula papae Leonis XIII die 20 Iunii 1885 promulgata. The Church is hostile to human liberty december 21 description page and proclaim. ascribed. The end of all this, however, we have said, only! As a person which often retain some of the will can not proceed to act until it is clear all... 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